What is the term for the change in shape caused by applied force?

The change in shape caused by an applied force is referred to as deformation. This concept is fundamental in mechanics and materials science, where the behavior of materials under stress is analyzed. Deformation can occur in various forms, such as elastic deformation, where a material returns to its original shape after the force is removed, and plastic deformation, where the material changes shape permanently.

In engineering and physics, understanding deformation is crucial as it helps predict how materials will react under different conditions, ensuring structures and components function safely and effectively. The term encompasses a wide range of phenomena associated with any alteration in the form or size of an object due to external forces, making it a central concept in the study of material properties and structural integrity.